Physiology

PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Overview

Message from the HEAD of the Department

Welcome to the Department of Physiology

The Physiology department is an intellectually vibrant place.

This Departmental page is designed to introduce visitors and students to our Department, its research, teaching, and administrative activities. It also serves as a major mechanism of communication between the Department and our students and administrative staff.

Physiology is the study of how the body works in health and disease at all levels including molecular, genomic, proteomic, ionic, cellular, organ and whole organism. The essence of research and teaching in Physiology requires an enquiring mind anchored on a global and integrative perspective to the understanding of how things work in a living organism.

Department was established in 2022 with annual intake capacity of 100 students and has infrastructure adequate to cater the need of 100 admissions per year.

The Department of Physiology at GMERS Medical College, Morbi is committed to excellence in teaching, research and service. Members of the faculty are actively involved in educational programs in the college. Members of the Department of Physiology, conduct research in the areas of cardiovascular, Pulmonary, Neurophysiology, and endocrine physiology. Members of the faculty of the Department of Physiology are involved in collaborative research with clinicians from the Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Paediatrics in the College.

We are committed to help equip and infuse in our students a life-long love for learning, the excitement of discovery and a keen sense of curiosity about the chemical, physical and biological functions of life.

I welcome you to the Department and do not hesitate to see me over any issues. We operate an open door policy. Also all academic staff members have office hours during which they are available for consultation and discussion outside the formal teaching sessions.

I wish you a rewarding and stimulating learning experience at the Department of Medical Physiology and The GMERS Medical College,Morbi.

Head of the Department

Incumbency Chart of Professor & Head, Department of Physiology

Sr. No	Name	From	To
1	Dr. Rajesh Mohan	30/07/2022	28/11/2022
2	Dr. Jasmin Parmar	29/11/2022	29/11/2023

Infrastructure & Facilities

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY INFRASRUCTURE

(i)	Demonstration Room :				Available (as per MCI norms)
	A)	Number			1
	b)	Accommodation (of each demonstration room)			Adequate
		-		Size	1. 73 Sq.M
		-		Capacity	50 students
	^c)	Audio-Visual equipment Available	Available Overhead Projector Multimedia Projector Multimedia Computers, Public address System in Lecture Theatre,

(ii)	Practical Laboratories :
			Haematology Laboratory	Clinical Physiology Laboratory
	^a)	Accommodation
		• Size	140 Sq. M	140 Sq. M
		• Capacity	50	50
	b)	Working arrangement
		- Seats available	50	50
		- Water supply	Yes	Yes
		- Sinks	Yes	Yes
		- Electric points	Yes	Yes
		-Cupboard for storage of microscope, slides etc.	Cupboard- 5 Iron rack 2	3
	^c)	Main equipment available
	d)	Number of Microscopes	60
	^e)	No. of students to each Microscope	One Each
	f)	Preparation room
		Size	14 Sq. M
		Location	In the laboratory	-
	g)	Whether Laboratory Manuals kept by students	Yes	Yes

h)	Close circuit	Overhead Projector
	TV /demonstration	Multimedia Projector,
	Microscope/ any	Multimedia Computers,
	other teaching aids	Laptop, CD writers, DVD writers,
		Camera Attachment for Microscope to project slides on screen
		Charts & Photographs

(III)	Departmental Library-cum-Seminar Room :
	^a)	Is there a separate departmental library?	NO
(iv)	Research Laboratory : NO
	^c)	Are there any students taken for M.D. or Ph. D In Physiology?	No

(v) OFFICE ACCOMODATION: available as per MCI norms

^a)	Professor & H.O.D.	22 Sq. M
b)	Associate Professor /Readers	1 room
^c)	Asst. Professors/Lecturers	1 room
d)	Tutors/Demonstrators	1 room
^e)	Non-teaching and Clerical Staff	1 room

Department of Physiology (Main instruments available in Labs )

SR NO	NAME OF THE EQUIPMENT	NO.
1	Microscopes, oil immersion	58
2	Demonstration eye piece	3
3	Double demonstration eye piece	3
4	Stage incubator	0
5	Westergren's pipette for E.S.R. on stand(with space pipette)	20
6	Wintrobe’s pipette for ESR and PCV with stand	20
7	Hemoglobin-meter Sahli's or Hellige (with spaces)	60
8	Hemocytometer	59
9	Tuning fork time marker 100/sec	2
10	Electrodes	2
11	Spirit lamps	2
12	Marey's tambour	2
13	Perimeter Pristely Smith S/LP.984 B & T	0
14	Sphygmomanometer (digital) (Mercury based instruments to be replaced with suitable alternatives)	0
15	Stethoscopes	60
16	Stethoscopes, demonstration with multiple ear pieces	2
17	Polygraphs	1
18	Venous pressure apparatus	1
19	Spirometer, ordinary	0
20	Gas analysis apparatus, Halden's student type	00
21	Van Slyke's apparatus manometric	00
22	Sherrington Starling kymograph (electrically driven)	2
23	Gas analyser automatic for CO2, O2, N2	00
24	Low voltage unit for tapping 2 and 4 volts for stimulation	2
25	Electromagnetic time marker	2
26	Douglas bag, complete	1
27	Basal metabolism apparatus	0
28	Mosso'sErgograph	8
29	Clinical thermometer	35
30	Compass aesthesiometer	20
31	Thermo-aesthesiometer	20
32	Algometer	0
33	Apparatus for passive movement	0
34	Knee hammer	30
35	Stethograph	0
36	Bicycle Ergometer	1
37	Olfactometer	1
38	Ophthalmoscope	2
39	Schematic eye	1
40	Phakoscope	00
41	Perimeter with charts (Lister’s)	2
42	Color perception lantern Edridge green	1
43	Maddox rod	00
44	Newtons color wheel	1
45	Tuning fork to test hearing 32-10000 cps(sets-100, 256, 512 Hz)	30
46	Dynamometer	1
47	Otoscope	1
48	Stop watch	15
49	Multi-channel Physiograph, 3 channels, complete with accessories	2
50	Student physiograph, (single channel) with accessories	6
51	Centrifuge, high speed with technometer	0
52	Colorimeter, photoelectric	1
53	Myograph stand	0
54	pH meter electric	1
55	Electronic stimulator	1
56	Thermometers, balances, microslides and glassware	As required
57	Digital Physiograph	1
58	ECG Machine	00

No.	Chemicals	Quantity
1	Distilled water	10 lit
2	WBC Fluid ( Turk's fluid)	10 bottle
3	RBC Fluid (Hayem' fluid)	10 bottle
4	N/10 HCI	5 NOS
5	Lieshman's stain	10 NOS
6	Acetic Acid 2500 ML	2 NOS
7	Blood Group (anti-Sera)	20 NOS
8	Potassium Permangenet (KMnO4) 500 ML	1 NOS
9	Cedar Wooden Oil 100 ml	5 Bottle

No.	CONSUMABLE	Quantity
1	Gloves – 6.5	2 box
2	Gloves – 7.0	2 Box
3	Cotton roll	10
4	Lancets	2 box
5	Match box	30
6	Droppers with long capillary tube
7	Plastic Dropping Bottle

No.	Glasswares	Quantity
1	Reagent bottle - 250 ML	10
2	Reagent bottle - 500 ML	10
3	Beaker -1000 ML	3
4	Beaker - 500 ML	3
5	Beaker – 250 ML	3
6	Coverslips
7	Blood Group Tiles	30
8	B.T. - C.T. tubes	1000
9	Slides	100
10	Watch glass	24
11	Test tubes

Charts in Physiology Department

No.	Name of Chart
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1.	Swallowing
2	Gastric secretion & motility
3.	Liver & Gall Bladder

TRANSPORT SYSTEM
1.	Cardiac cycle

2.	Electrocardiogram
3.	Blood coagulation
4.	Blood groups

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1.	Artificial respiration
2.	Volume & Capacities of lungs

CELL MEMBRANE FUNCTION
1.	Transport through membrane Active transport
2.	Propagation of nerve impulse

EXCRETORY SYSTEM
1.	Juxtaglomerular apparatus
2.	Urine Formation

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
1.	ADH in maintenance of blood volume

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1.	Pitutary, ovarian & endometrial cycle

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYETEM
1.	Stretech reflex
2.	Cerebellum…part 1 & 2
3.	Skeletal muscle & mechanism of contraction
4.	Cochlea
5.	Spinothalamic sensory pathway

Models in Physiology Department

No	Name of Model
1	Vagus Nerve
2	Simple and interrelated reflex arch
3	Autonomic innervation of heart-model showing autonomic innervation of heart along with the properties of cardiac muscle
4	Mechanism of vomiting – model showing nervous mechanism involved in the vomiting reflex
5	Mechanism of defecation – model showing the innervation of distal parts of large intestine and course of transmission of nerve impulse in defecation
6	Cranial nerve – model showing all its main innervation and function by the sides
7	Pyramidal systems showing complete pathways of pyramidal tracts along with its significance

Charts prepared by Students

No	Topic
1	Coagulation pathway
2	Transport mechanism
3	Classification of nerve fibers
4	Excitation-contraction coupling

Staff Information

Sr No	Name	Designation
1		Professor and Head
2	Dr. Kalpesh Vidja	Associate Professor	View
3	Dr. Hardika Upadhyay	Assistant Professor	View
4	Dr. Payal Jivani	Assistant Professor	View
5	Dr. Ravi Amrutiya	Junior Resident	View
6	Dr. Harshvardhan Sheth	Junior Resident	View
7	Dr. Dharmesh Jadav	Junior Resident	View

Subject Curriculum

CURRICULUM of 1^st MBBS PHYSIOLOGY

GOAL : The broad goal of the teaching of undergraduate students in physiology aims at providing

the student comprehensive knowledge of normal functions of body and to facilitate the

understanding of physiological basis of health and disease.

OBJECTIVES :

A) Knowledge :- At the end of the course the student shall be able to

1. Understand the functions of all organ system and their interactions.

2. Assess relative contribution of each organ system in maintenance of milieu interior

3. Describe physiological response and adaptation to environmental stress.

4. List the physiological principles underlying pathogenesis and treatment of diseases.

B) Skill:- At the end of the course the student shall be able to

1. Conduct experiments / Investigations designed for study of physiological

phenomenon

2. To interpret expt / Investigations data

3. Distinguish between normal and abnormal data derived as result of test done in lab.

C) Integration :- At the end of the course the student shall be able to acquire an integrated knowledge of

organ, structure, function, and its Regulatory mechanism and apply the knowledge in

understanding of disease and its treatment.

Total working Hours: - 480 Hours (240 Hours/term)

THEORY

General :
(1)	Cell physiology
(2)	Homeostasis
(3)	Transport across cell membrane
(4)	Biophysics-general principles
(5)	Body fluid compartment
(6)	Related topics & applied physiology TOTAL : 5-8 lectures
Hematology :
(1)	Composition properties and functions of blood
(2)	R.B.C.s their formation & functions
(3)	Hemoglobin
(4)	Anemias and blood indices
(5)	Leukocytes - formation and functions
(6)	Thrombocytes and hemostasis, Blood Coagulation
(7)	Plasma proteins & E.S.R.
(8)	Lymph and R.E. System
(9)	Blood groups
(10)	Immunity
(11)	Blood Volume
(12)	Related topics & applied physiology Total : 20-25 Lectures
Nerve & Muscle Physiology:
(1)	Membrane potential & action potential
(2)	Structure & classification of nerve fibers
(3)	Properties of nerve cells and their fibers (including Degeneration & Regeneration)
(4)	Neuromuscular transmission
(5)	Structure, functions and properties of muscles
(6)	Mechanism of contraction of difference types of muscles
(7)	Physiological changes during muscle contractions
(8)	Related topics & applied physiology Total : 15-20 Lectures
Gastrointestinal tract :
(1)	Anatomical physiology
(2)	Secretion & their control-Salivary, Gastric, Pancreatic, Intestinal
(3)	Bile including liver function tests & Jaundice
(4)	Digestion
(5)	Absorption
(6)	Movements of Gastrointestinal tract
(7)	Hormones of GIT
(8)	Related topics & applied physiology Total : 15-20 Lectures
Respiration System :
(1)	Physiological anatomy of respiratory tract
(2)	Mechanics of respiration (including pressure & volume changes)
(3)	Lung volume, capacities and lung function tests
(4)	Composition of respiratory gases
(5)	Transport of Oxygen in Blood
(6)	Transport of Carbon dioxide in Blood
(7)	Regulations of respiration
(8)	Hypoxia, Asphyxia
(9)	Cyanosis and periodic breathing
(10)	Dysbarism and acclimatization to high altitude
(11)	Exercise and space Physiology
(12)	Related topics & applied physiology Total : 15-20 Lectures

Cardiovascular System :
(1)	Functional anatomy of heart
(2)	Origin and spread of cardiac impulse
(3)	Cardiac cycle (with heart sounds and pressure changes)
(4)	Electrocardiogram
(5)	Heart rate
(6)	Cardiac output & venous return
(7)	Arterial blood pressure
(8)	Arterial and venous pulse
(9)	Circulation –Capillary, coronary, pulmonary and sytemic circulation
(10)	Hemorrhage, Hypovolemic shock
(11)	Cardiovascular change during exercise and cardiac efficiency tests.
(12)	Related topics & applied physiology Total : 20-25 Lectures

Excretory System :
(1)	Physiological anatomy of Kidney
(2)	Renal Circulation
(3)	Glomerular filtration rate
(4)	Functions of renal tubules
(5)	Reabsorpotion of physiologically important substances
(6)	Counter current mechanism
(7)	Hormogenesis- renin erythropoietin
(8)	Role of kidney in acid-base balance in body
(9)	Micturition
(10)	Renal function tests
(11)	Functions of skin
(12)	Regulations of body temperature
(13)	Related topics & applied physiology
	Total : 10-15 Lectures

Central Nervous System& ANS :
(1)	Introduction
(2)	Synapse and synaptic transmission
(3)	Automatic nervous system (including Adrenal medulla)
(4)	Sensory system- receptor & their properties, sensations
(5)	Spinal Cord : Tracts and lesions
(6)	Reflexes
(7)	Motor organization
(8)	Brain stem (including vestibular apparatus)
(9)	Basal Ganglia
(10)	Cerebellum
(11)	Tone, posture and equilibrium
(12)	Motor control mechanism
(13)	Thalamus
(14)	Hypothalamus
(15)	Limbic cortex
(16)	Cerebral cortex
(17)	Higher functions-Speech, Learning and memory
(18)	Electroencephalogram and sleep
(19)	Cranial Nerves
(20)	Pain
(21)	CSF
(22)	Related topics & applied physiology Total : 35-40 Lectures

Special Senses :
1.	Structure of eye
2.	Refractory medias of eye heir errors and corrections
3.	Retina : Structure, photochemistry
4.	Visual pathways and its lesions
5.	Visual activity and binocular vision
6.	Accommodation and adaptations to darkness
7.	Color Vision
8.	Visual perceptions : Central mechanism
9.	Physiological movements of eye
10.	Functional anatomy of ear
11.	Structure and functions of middle ear
12.	Organs of Corti and mechanism of hearing
13.	Endocochlear potentials and auditory pathways
14.	Deafness and tests of hearing
15.	Taste and smell Total : 15-20 Lectures

Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology :
(1)	Introduction
(2)	Hypothalamohypophyseal axis
(3)	Anterior pituitary gland (including growth and development)
(4)	Posterior pituitary gland
(5)	Thyroid gland
(6)	Hormonal control of blood calcium level
(7)	Endocrine pancreas
(8)	Andrenal gland
(9)	Hormones of heart, kidney and thymus
(10)	Introduction to reproductive physiology
(11)	Male reproductive system : structure, functions
(12)	Female reproductive system : structure, functions & reproductive cycles
(13)	Fertilizations, placenta, pregnancy and pregnancy tests
(14)	Parturition and lactation
(15)	Physiological basis of family planning
(16)	Related topics & applied physiology Total : 15-20 Lectures

Sr. NO	TOPIC
1	What does it mean to be doctor
2	What does it mean to be a patient
3	Doctor- patient relation
4	Foundation of communication -I

BIOPHYSICS :-

- Principles of biophysics and its applied aspects

- Biopotentials and its applied aspects

- Transport across cell membrane

- Related Applied topics

Total: 3-4 Lectures

ENVIRONMENTAL, REGULATORY & EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY:-

- Physiology of high altitude, acclimatization & effect of high atmospheric pressure

- Aviation & space physiology

- Body temperature regulation, Hypo & Hyperthermia

- Physiology of exercise & yoga

Total :3-4 Lectures

PRACTICALS

General Practicals:
1	Study of appliances - Experimental instruments
2	Study of appliances - Hematology and clinical instruments
3	Study of appliances - Compound microscope

Haematology Practicals:
1	Estimation of Haemoglobin
2	Total white cell count
3	Total red cell count
4	Cells in peripheral blood film
5	Differential WBC count
6	Absolute count, Arneth count
7	Packed cell volume & Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
8	Blood indices and related calculation
9	Blood grouping
10	Coagulation - B.T.& C.T.
11	Effect of tonicity of saline, fragility :
12	MCD, price jone’s curve :
13	Haemin crystals, reticulocyte count

Clinical Physiology Practicals :
1	Radial pulse, Sphygmography
2	Arterial blood pressure
3	Cardiac efficiency tests
4	Clinical examination in general
5	Clinical examination of Cardiovascular system
6	Clinical examination of Respiratory system
7	Artificial respiration and Cardio pulmonary resuscitation
8	Spirometry
9	Respiratory efficiency tests
10	Stethography
11	Examinations of sensory functions
12	Examinations of motor functions
13	Examinations of reflexes
14	Examinations of cranial nerves – I,III,IV,V,VI
15	Examinations of cranial nerves – II
16	Examinations of cranial nerves – VII,VIII, IX.X.XI,XII
17	CNS higher functions
18	Clinical examinations of abdomen
19	Thermometry
20	Ergography
21	Endocrine disorder photographs
22	O₂ and CO₂ dissociation curve
23	ECG
24	EEG- EMG
25	Contraceptives, menstrual cycle and BBT
26	GTT- GFT
27	Excretory system –Cystometrogram, Renal function tests
1	Gastrocnemius muscle, sciatic nerve preparation
2	Simple muscle curve,
3	Effect of temperature on SMC
4	Effect of load on SMC
5	Effect of two successive stimuli
6	Genesis of tetanus
7	Phenomenon of Fatigue
8	Velocity of nerve impulse
9	Perfusion of amphibian heart
10	Frog’s heart beat & Effect of temperature on frog’s heart
11	Properties of cardiac muscle
12	Effect of vagus, crescent stimulation and vagal escape.
13	Effect of drugs & ions on frog’s heart
14	Perfusion of isolated amphibian heart
15	Quantal summation & Strength duration curve

TUTORIALS

1. Haemoglobin	1
2. Blood groups	1
3. Neurons and Neuroglia	1
4. Rigor mortis & Myasthenia gravis	1
5. Lymph & R.E. System	1
6. Radial pulse Tracing	1
7. Bleeding Disorders	1
8. Isotonic & Isometric contraction	1
9. Hypoxia, O2 therapy & cyanosis	1
10. Deglutition and vomiting	1
11. Emptying of stomach & peristalsis	1
12. Movements of small & large intestine, Defecation	1
13. Skin – structure & function	1
14. Asphyxia, Hypercapnia	1
15. O2 & CO2 dissociation curve periodic breathing	1
16. Acidification of urine, role of kidney in Ph regulation	1
17. Adrenal Medulla	1
18. Cutaneous Circulation	1
19. E.E.G.	1
20. Speech and Aphasia	1
	----------
	20

SEMINAR TOPICS OF PHYSIOLOGY
NO.	SEMINAR TOPIC
1	FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
2	PLATELETS AND ITS FUNCTION
3	ANAEMIA
4	POLYCYTHEMIA
5	ERYTHROPOIESIS
6	ANTICOAGULANTS
7	MECHANISM OF CLOTTING
8	IMMUNITY
9	LYMPH
10	SARCOMERE
11	MECHANISM OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION
12	PROPERTIES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
13	NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
14	CLASSIFICATION OF NERVES
15	RESTING MEMBRANE & ACTION POTANTIAL
16	MECHANISM OF CONTRACTION IN SMOOTH MUSCLE
17	EXCITATION-CONTRATION COUPLING OF SMOOTH,SKE,AND CARDIAC MUSCLE
18	CARDIAC CYCLE
19	HEART SOUND
20	B.P-SHORT TERM REGULATION
21	B.P-LONG TERM REGULATION
22	CARDIAC OUTPUT
23	VENOUS RETURN
24	PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE
25	PCV
26	ESR
27	CORONARY CURCULATION

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

First periodic test (Theory)

First Internal test (Theory and Practical)

Second Periodic Test (Theory)

Second Internal Test (Preliminary Exams Theory & Practical)

Final University Exams

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION

Paper- I		100
Paper - II		100
Practical &Viva /oral theory		100
		Total :300 marks

No.	Type	Marks		Month
No.	Type	Theory	practical	Month
1.	1^st internal examination	100	100	March
2.	2^nd internal examination	100	100	July
3.	Preliminary examination	200	100	October
4.	University examination	200	100	November-december

PAPER WISE DISTRIBUTION OF TOPICS IN HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

PAPER-I

Cell & general physiology
Blood Physiology
Respiratory system
Cardiovascular physiology
Excretory system including Skin & body temperature
Gastrointestinal system
Environmental Physiology and Exercise Physiology

PAPER - II

Nerve-muscle physiology
Endocrinology
Reproductive system
Central Nervous system including Autonomic Nervous System
Special Senses

Teaching Learning Methodology

No.	Teaching Learning Method	Inception
1	Student Seminar	2023
2	Students Viva	2023
3	Group Discussion	2023
4	Physiology Quiz Exposure : University Level & National Level	2023
5	System Ending MCQs Examination	2023
6	Charts Preparation	2023
7	Case Based Learning	2023
8	Student Feedback about Department Teaching Learning environment (Confidential)	2023
9.	Assignments	2023
10.	Poster Competition	2023
11.	Physiology Quiz Competition at the end of Systems	2023

Teachers Theory Lecture Contribution :

Teacher	2022-23 batch
Dr. Jasmin Parmar	CVS,CNS,
Dr. Kalpesh Vidja	Genaral physiology, RS, endocrine system
Dr. Hardika Upadhyay	Nerve muscle physiology, GIT, special senses
Dr. Payal Jivani	Blood, ANS, Reproductive system
Dr. Ravi Amrutiya Dr. Harshvardhan Sheth Dr. Dharmesh Jadav	Haematology lab
Dr. Ravi Amrutiya Dr. Harshvardhan Sheth Dr. Dharmesh Jadav	Clinical/ Amphibian lab

Faculty
No	Name	Designation	Qualification	Registration no(UG)	Photograph	Mail ID
1		Professor
2	DR.KALPESH VIDJA	Associate Professor	MBBS,MD	G-39509		kalpeshvidja78@gmail.com
3	DR.PAYAL JIVANI	Assistant Professor	MBBS,MD	G-46616		dr.payalfefar@gmail.com
4	DR. HARDIKA UPADHYAY	Assistant Professor	MBBS,MD	G- 43330		hardika3011@gmail.com
5	Dr. Brijesh Chikani	Tutor	MBBS	G-83695		brijeshchikani@gmail.com
6	Dr. Pinal Ukani	Tutor	MBBS,DA	G-44341		pinalminipara@gmail.com
7	Dr. Girish Parmar	Tutor	MBBS	G-79388		gpparmar4597@gmail.com

Gujarat Medical Education & Research Society

Health and Family Welfare Department,
Government of Gujarat

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